Offline preprocessing versus online data loading Write a curation script, run offline preprocessing, and store a materialized training set. Then load data online for GPU training. Offline work includes annotation, filtering, mixing, tokenization, and synthetic data generation. Online work depends on the input, for example image decoding and tokenization. An arrow from training back to the curation script indicates a lot of iteration. a lot of iteration... Writecuration script Offlinepreprocessing Materializedtraining set Onlinedata loading Annotation, filtering, mixing, tokenization, synthetic data generation, ... Depends on input data, e.g., image decode, tokenize, ...

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